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英语初中知识点总结(必备16篇)

  • 总结
  • 2024-01-30 12:48:16
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英语初中知识点总结 第1篇

形容词

形容词即是表示人或物的特征、性质或状态,修饰名词或不定代词的词。

1) 作定语,放在名词之前,不定代词之后

但少数形容词只能作表语如:alone, afraid, asleep, awake, alive, well等 eg: I have something important to tell you. Don’t be afraid. 2)作表语,放在系动词之后

eg: He looks happy.

3)作宾语,放在宾语之后,常与make,leave,keep等动词连用。

eg: You must keepyour eyes closed.

2.某些形容词说明事物之间的关系、方位,时间、用途等,不能用程度副词来修饰,也没有比较等级的变化,如the same, different,sxxxhern, northern, Chinese,Japanese等

3.形容词的名词化

某些形容词放在定冠词后,变成名词,表示一类人。常见的有good/bad, rich/poor,young/old, deaf/blind,black/white,living/dead等 eg:The young should be polite to the old.年轻人应该对老人有礼貌。

4.形容词的排序

顺序:限定词+数量形容词(序前,基后)+性状形+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料 如:two round blue plastic plates两个圆形的蓝色塑料盘

5.名词变形容词的方法:

1) 后加y/ny; cloud-clody,sun-sunny

2) 后加ern, west-western,

3) 表称谓诶和表示时间的名词后加ly, friend-friendly

4) 表物质的名词,后加en/y, wood-wooden, salt-salty

5) 表抽象意义的名词后加ful/y/less, care-careful/careless, luck-lucky, 6) 表示大州与国家的名词后加n, Aisa-Aisan

英语初中知识点总结 第2篇

1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump

2 (比较级 and 比较级) 表示越来越怎么样

3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)

4 agree with sb 赞成某人

5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样

6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界

7 along with同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树

8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样

9 as you can see 你是知道的

10 ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的东西)

11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么

12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要xxx事 13 at the age of 在……岁时

14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始

15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后;尽头;末尾

16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候

17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心,自信 18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时

19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能够……

21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕……

22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么

23 be angry with sb 生某人的气

24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气

25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高

26 be ashamed to

27 be away from 远离

28 be away from 从……离开

29 be bad for 对什么有害

30 be born 出生于

31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……

32 be careful 当心;小心

33 be different from…… 和什么不一样

34 be famous for 以……著名

35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好

36 be from = come from 来自

37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water

38 be glad+to+do/从句

39 be going to + v(原) 将来时

40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……

41 be good for 对什么有好处

42 be happy to do 很高兴xxx事

43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处

44 be in good health 身体健康

45 be in trouble 处于困难中

46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣

47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到

48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother

49 be mad at 生某人的气

50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)

51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)

52 be not sure 表不确定

53 be on a visit to 参观

54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎

55 be quiet 安静

56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for xxx

57 be sick in bed 生病在床

58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you

59 be sorry to hear that

60 be sorry to trouble sb

61 be strict in doing sth xxxxxx事

62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格

63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格

64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么

65 be sure 表确定

66 be sure of doing sth 对xxx事有信心

67 be sure of sth 对xxx事有信心

68 be sure that sth 对xxx事有信心

69 be sure to do sth一定会xxx事We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语 70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕……

71 be terrified to do sth 害怕xxx事

72 be the same as … 和什么一样

73 be used to doing sth习惯xxx事 My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早 74 be worth doing 值得做什么

75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕xxx事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句 76 because+句子 because of +短语

eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache

77 begin to do = start to do 开始xxx事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么 78 between…and… 两者之间

79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西

80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同

英语初中知识点总结 第3篇

01、一般现在时

概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.

基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词

否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesnt,同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。

02、一般过去时

概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1988, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词

否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didnt,同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词。

03、现在进行时

概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.

基本结构:am/is/are+doing

否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.

一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。

04、过去进行时

概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

基本结构:was/were+doing

否定形式:was/were + not + doing.

一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。

05、现在完成时

概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的`影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。

时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.

基本结构:have/has + done

否定形式:have/has + not +d one.

一般疑问句:have或has。

06、过去完成时

概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。

时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.

基本结构:had + done.

否定形式:had + not + done.

一般疑问句:had放于句首。

07、一般将来时

概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备xxx事。

时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

基本结构:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.

否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didnt,同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。

08、过去将来时

概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,xxx宾语从句中。

时间状语:

the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.

基本结构:①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.

否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.

一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should提到句首。

英语初中知识点总结 第4篇

一、表示时间的介词

时间介词有in , on,at,after,since,during,by,before,after,until等,前三个介词用法有个口诀:at午夜、点与分,上午、下午、晚用in。

年、月、年月、季节、周,之前加上介词in。

将来时态多久后,这些情形亦用in。

日子、日期、年月日,星期之前要用on。

其余几组常见的时间介词辨析如下辨析如下:

1、时间介词in与after的用法辨析

介词in +一段时间用于一般将来时。如:We’ll go to school in two weeks.

介词after +一段时间用于一般过去时。如:My mother came home after half an hour.

介词after +时间点xxx一般将来时。如:We’ll go xxx for a walk after supper.

2、时间xxxor与since的用法辨析

xxxor表示一段时间如:I have been living here for 10 years.

介词since表示从过去某一时间以来如:I have been living here since 20xx.

3、时间介词before与by的用法辨析

介词before表示“在…之前”如:He won’t come back before five .

介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”如:The work must be finished by Friday.

4、时间介词during与for的用法辨析

当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during如:He swims every day during the summer.

如果一段时间不明确则用xxxor如:I haven’t seen her for years.

5、时间介词till与until用法的异同

till和until用在肯定句中,均可表示“直到…为止”,如:I will wait till(until)seven o'clock.

till和until用在否定句中,均可表示“在…以前”或“直到…才”。

如:Tom didn't come back till(until)midnight.

till多用于普通文体,而until则用于多种文体,并且在句子开头时,用until而xxxill如:Until he comes back,nothing can be done.

注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every等词之前一律不用介词。

二、表示方位的介词

常用的表示方位的介词用法及辨析如下:

1、方位介词on, over, above的用法辨析

介词on表示一物放在另一物上面,两者紧贴在一起,如:The book is on the table.

介词over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,即“在…上方”,如:Is there any bridge over the river?

介词above表示一般的“高于…”,“在…之上”,如:There was an electric clock above his bed.

2、方位介词under与below的用法辨析

介词under是over的反义词即“在…下方”,如:They were seen under the tree.

介词below是above的反义词即“低于…”,“在…之下”,如:They live below us.

3、方位介词across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析

介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”,强调从表面穿过。

如:She went across the street to make some purchases.

介词through着重于“穿越”,强调从一定的空间内穿过。

如:The sunlight was coming in through the window.

介词over多表示从“上方越过”,如:He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it.

介词past表示从“面前经过”,如:Someone has just gone past the window.

4、地点介词at与in的用法辨析

介词at表示较小的地方,如家、村、乡村等,如:He lives at a small village.

介词in表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家xxx等,如:He lives in Beijing.

5、表示东南西北的时候,地点介词in、on、to的用法辨析

介词in表示“包含”如:Beijing is in the north of China.

介词on表示“紧邻”如:Canada lies on the north of the .

介词to表示“没接触”如:France lies to the sxxxh of England.

三、表示方式、手段、或工具的介词:by,in,on,with.

1、by,in,on,表示交通方式。用by时,交通工具前不用任何词;用in和on时,交通工具前用冠词或形容词性物主代词。例如by car=in a car,by bike=on a bike.

2、表示手段或工具,with后跟具体工具,如I write with a pen;in表示使用某种语言或墨水、颜色等原料,例如:in English.

四、介词的固定搭配

across from在对面

look for寻找

look after照顾

get on with与某人相处

agree with同意(某人)

arrive at(in)到达

ask for询问

begin…with从……开始

believe in相信

break off打断

break xxx爆发

bring down降低

bring xxx进

bring up教育,培养

build xxx起

burn down烧光

call back回电话

call for要求约请

call on拜访访问

care for喜欢

carry on继续开展

carry xxx实行开展

check xxx查明结帐

come abxxx发生,产生

come xxx出来

come to共计达到

compare…with与……比较

compare to比作

cut off切断

date from始于

depend on依靠

devote to献于

die xxx灭亡

divide up分配

dream of梦想

fall off下降

fall over跌倒

feed on以……为食

get down to专心于

get through通过

英语初中知识点总结 第5篇

1、时间状语从句:引导时间状语从句的连词有when/while/as/as soon as/until/not…untill/before/after/since等。

例如:

When you leave,please take axxxincoat with you.

As soon as she got home,she began to make dinner.

注意:

(1)while意为“当…期间”,从句中的谓语动词一般用进行时态。

例如:

Take notes while you are listening to the teacher.

(2)while侧重主句中谓语动词表示的动作或存在的状态与从句谓语动词所表示的动作或存在的状态的对比,xxx为“而”。

例如:

He is a worker while I am a student.

(3)not…until,直到……才,主句谓语动词必须是非持续性动词而且主句是否定式,从句为肯定式。

例如:

He did not go to bed until his mother came.

(4)在时间状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来时间。

例如:

Mr smith will telephone you when he returns.

2、原因状语从句:引导原因状语从句的连词有:because/as/since等。

例如:

His sister is in bed because she is ill.

注意:含原因状语从句的复合句,有时可以转换为用so连接的并列句,故because和so不能同时出现在一个句子中。

例如:

He did not come here because he was busy.

He was busy,so he did not come here.

3、地点状语从句:引导地点状语从句的连词有where或wherever.

例如:

Where there is no air or water,noboday can live.

4、条件状语从句:引导条件状语从句的连词有if/unless等。

(1)在含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句中,主句谓语部分通常含有will/shall或情态动词,从句用一般现在时表示将来时态。

例如:

We will go for a picnic if it dose notxxxin tomorrow.

(2)if……notxxx作“如果不…”,相当于unless,unless含有否定意义,译作“假如不”,“除非”。

例如:

例如:

You will fail if you do not work hard.

You will fail unless you work hard.

(3)用if改写“祈使句+and+简单句”这一句子结构中的祈使句时,要在祈使句前加if you,并去掉并列连词and.

例如:

Study hard,and you will catch up with us.

If you study hard,you will catch up with us.

(4)用if……not改写“祈使句+or+简单句”这一结构中的祈使句时,要变祈使句为否定的条件状语从句,并去掉or.

例如:

Hurry,or you won′t catch the bus.

If you study hard ,you will catch up with us.

5、目的和结构状语从句:引导目的状语从句的连词有so that;引导结果状语从句的连词有so …that…,such…that….

(1)so是副词,修饰形容词或副词。

So +adj/adv+that

例如:the shoes are so small that I can not wear them.

(2)such是形容词,修饰名词。

Such+a/an+adj+n(可数名词单数)+that…

Such+adj+n(不可数名词单数,可数名词复数)+that…

例如:

She is such a lovely girl that we all like her.可改为:she is so lovely a girl that we all like her.

(3)如果名词前是表示多少的many/much/few/little等词时要用so.

例如:

I have so much money that we all like her.

(4)so …that的主从复合句在转换为简单句时,可选用下列四种结构。

Too…to do sth too…for sb to do

…enough to do sth enough for sb to do

例如:

Tom is so young that he can not join the army.

Tom is too young to join the army./tom is not old enough to jion the army.

The milk is so cool that we can drink it.

The milk is cool enough for us to drink.

6、比较状语从句:引导比较状语从句的连词有as…as,than等。

(1)表示甲乙在某一个方面相同时,用as+形容词/副词原级+as结构,表示甲在某一个方面不如乙时,用“not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as”结构。

例如:

John is as clever as tom.

He dose not run as/so fast as you .

(2)表示甲程度高于乙时,用“形容词、副词的比较级+than引导的”从句结构。

He si taller than I .

(3)两个比较对象要对等,即“应是句子中的同等成分进行比较”。

例如:

The weather in sxxxh is always hotter than that in north.

7、让步状语从句:引导让步状语从句的连词有though,although等。

例如:

They kept working on the farm though it wasxxxining hard.=it wasxxxining hard,but they kept working on the farm.

注意:though/although不能与并列连词but同时出现在一个句子中。

英语初中知识点总结 第6篇

(一)掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则;

1、动词现在时的第三人称单数的构成:

词尾加-s look-looks find-finds

以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾词尾加-es watch-watches,push-pushes

以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i再加-es fly-flies,apply-applies

2、动词的过去式及过去分词的构成:

①规则动词的变化:

词尾加-ed look-looked,looked

以e结尾词尾加-d live-lived,lived

以“辅音字母+Y”结尾,变y为i,再加-ed carry-carried,carried

以重读闭音节或r音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写该辅音字母,再加-ed stop-stopped

②不规则动词的变化。(略)

3、动词的现在分词的构成:

直接加-ing look-looking watch-watching

以e结尾去e加-ing come-coming move-moving

以重读闭音节或r音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母,再加-ing swim-swimming

以ie结尾且为重读开音节变ie加y再加ing die-dying lie-lying

(二)掌握动词六种时态的基本结构,主要用法及区别(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在进行时和现在完成时)

1、一般现在时

①一般现在时常用来表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作,与always,usually,often,sometimes,every day(week,month)等连用;表示现在的事实或状态;表示主语所具有的特征,性格和能力;以及表示客观事实或普遍其理。

②一般现在时的构成:

一般现在时通常以动词原形表示,但当主语是第三人称单数时,动词原形后需加-s或-es。

She likes biology very much.她非常喜欢生物。

They often go to school by bike.他们通常骑车上学。

2、一般过去时

①一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去时间的副词如:yesterday,last week,two hours ago等连用;表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作,这时可与频度副词often,usually,always等连用;表示过去发生的一连串动作,以及在时间和条件状语从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。

②一般过去时的构成:一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。

We met each other on the street yesterday.我们昨天在街上碰见了。

She often went swimming last year.她去年经常去游泳。

They moved the chairs to the table,sat down and began to have supper.

他们把椅子搬到桌边,坐下开始吃饭。

Mary told me that she would stay at home if itxxxined.xxx告诉我如果下雨她就呆在家里。

3、一般将来时

①一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语如next month,tomorrow,in a week,soon等连用。

②一般将来时的构成:

(1)一般将来时由“助动词will/shall+动词原形”构成。其中shall主要用于主语是第一人称(I和we)的疑问句中。

(2)也可以用“be going to+动词原形”这个结构来表示根据目前迹象很有可能发生的某件事情,或是打算、计划、以及决定要xxx件事情等。

They will have a class meeting next Tuesday.他们下周二将举行班会。

We shall meet at the school gate.我们将在学校大门口见。

It is going toxxxin.要下雨了。

4、现在进行时

①现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,常与now,at present,at this,moment等连用;或与these days,this week/month等连用,表示现阶段正在进行的动作。有时还与always,continually,forever等词连用,表示反复出现的动作,代替一般现在时,表达说话人强烈的感情。xxx、不满、讨厌等。如:

He is always asking such silly questions.他老是提这类愚蠢的问题。

②现在进行时的构成:

现在进行时由“be(am/is/are)+V-ing”构成。

They are watching TV now.他们正在看电视。

The dog is enjoying his meal.小狗正在吃饭。

5、过去进行时

①过去进行时的用法与现在进行时用法相同,只不过参照的时间基准点不同。

过去进行表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。一般和特定的时间状语或状语从句连用。如:then,at that time,at eight yesterday,this time yesterday,when he came in等。

②过去进行时的构成与现在进行时类似,只不过把be(am,is,are)变为过去式(was,were)

They were watching TV at that time.他们那会正在看电视。

The dog was enjoying his meal at this time yesterday.小狗昨天这个时候正在吃饭。

6、现在完成时

①表示动作已经完成,但后果或影响仍在,常与already,just,yet等副词连用;或是表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在,常与for或since引导的一段时间状语连用。

②现在完成时由助动词“have/has+过去分词”构成。

He has already come back.他已经回来了。

He has lived here for three years.他在此住了两年了。

(三)掌握系动词be,look,feel,smell,get,become,turn,keep等的基本用法

常见的连系动词有:become,turn,get,grow,keep,feel,look,seem,smell,fall等。它们后面常接形容词,构成系表结构。

Please keep the classroom clean.请保持教室的干净。

The bread looks very fresh.这些面包看上去很新鲜。

(四)了解过去将来时、过去完成时态的基本用法;

①过去将来时表示从过去某一时点看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时和一般将来时的构成相同,只是把will,shall变为过去式would,should,把助动词be的过去式变为过去式was或were而已。如:

They were going to have a meeting.他们曾打算开会。

②过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已完成的行为或存在的状态。与现在完成的用法相同,只不过作为衡量基准点的时间点不同,现在完成时以现在作为衡量的基准点,而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻作为基准点。它表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”,常by,before引导的时间状语连用。如:

By the time he was ten,Edison had built a lab for himself.

到爱迪生10岁时,他已给自己建了一个实验室。

She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years.她说她已在那所医院工作20年了。

(五)掌握助动词be,do,have,shall,will的基本用法;

助动词是“辅助性”动词,一般没有词义,不能单独作谓语,但可用来帮助构成谓语,表示不同的时态,语态,和数的变化。

常见的助动词有:

(1)be(am,is,are,was,were,being,been)与现在分词结合,构成各种进行时态;或与过去分词结合构成被动语态。

I’m looking for my pen.我正在找我的笔。(现在进行时)

These cups are made in China.这些杯子是中国制造的。(被动语态)

(2)have(has,had,having)与过去分词结合,构成完成时。

They have known each other for twenty years.

他们互相认识有二十年了。(现在完成时)

He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the age of ten.

他十岁时就已经为自己建了一个化学实验室。(过去完成时)

(3)do(does,did)助动词do后只能跟动词原形,与not及其他动词结合构成否定句,或置于主语之前构成疑问句。

He does not speak English.他不说英语。

When did he come back?他什么时候回来的?

(4)will(would),shall(should)will能用于一般将来时的任何人称后;would是will的.过去时,能用于过去将来时;两者后面都接动词原形。

The plane will arrive in ten minutes.飞机十分中后将要到达。

I was sure we would win.我确信用我们会赢。

shall与should这两个助动词本身没有词义,shall只能用于一般将来时的第一人称后;should是shall的过去时,只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后;两者后面都接动词原形。

We shall meet at the school gate tomorrow.我们明天将在校门口见。

I told them that I should do the work alone.我告诉他们我将独自做那项工作。

(一)掌握情态动词can,must,need,may等基本句型结构及主要用法

①情态动词在英文中是“辅助性”动词,用来表示说话人的语气或情态,包括请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。情态动词本身有词义,但词义不完全,不能单独用作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,且后面只跟动词原形。

②情态动词的种类:

can could能

may might可以(或许)

must must(had to)必须(不得不)

will would愿意

shall should应该

need needed需要

dare dared敢于

③can的用法

(1)表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”,也能表示根据客观条件能xxx事的“能力”。

The xxx can swim very well.

Who can answer this question?

(2)表示允许

The students can leave after the meeting.

When can I get the news?

(3)表示推测

It can be wrong.

Who can your new teacher next term?

④could的用法

(1)can的过去式,表示过去有能力及过去的可能性。

They could run very fast when they were young.

Could you speak English at that time?

(2)表示客气地请求或委婉地陈述意见。

Could I borrow your bike?

Could you listen to me carefully?

(3)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度

How could that be?

She couldn’t know me.

⑤must的用法

(1).表示义务,命令或必要

You must finish it before 5 o’clock.

Must I hand it in now?

(2).表示肯定的推测:一定

She must be a pretty girl.

You must be wrong.

⑥need的用法

(1)表示“需要,必须”,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。

We need to pay more attention.

Need I call him for you?

(2)need引导的疑问句,肯定回答时多用must,否定回答时用needn’t。

Need he come?他必须来吗?

Yes,he must.是的,必须来。

No,he needn’t.不,他不必来。

⑦may的用法

(1)表示请求、许可、可以

May I ask you some questions?

May we start now?

(2)表示推测说话人的猜测,认为某一事情“或许”或“可能”发生。

He may be 25 years old.

We may come back in three days.

(3)may用于感叹句中可以表示祝愿或愿望。

May you success!

May you have a nice trip!

⑧should的用法

should意思是“应该”,表示劝告或建议(=ought to)

Who should I meet this afternoon?

You should pack you bag quickly.

(二)了解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时三种时态的被动语态的结构形式及其基本用法

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(.)”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化亦如此。

1.一般现在时的被动语态(am/is/are+done)

English is spoken by lots of people in the world.世界上的许多人都说英语。

Class meeting is held every Thursday.每周四都举行班会。

The classroom is cleaned by the students every day.学生们每天都打扫教室。

2.一般过去时的被动语态(was/were+done)

The cup was broken by the xxx.杯子被那个男孩打碎了。

He was saved at last.他最终获救了。

My bike was stolen.我的自行车被偷了。

3.一般将来时的被动语态(will/shall be+done;would/should be+done)

A speech will be given this afternoon.今天下午有一个演讲。

A new road will be built next year.明年要修一条新马路。

I think thousands of people will be helped.我认为将有数千人得到帮助。

(三)了解含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式及其基本用法

情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词;其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,“be+过去分词”部分不变。如:

Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。

Tables could be made of stone at that time.那时桌子可由石头制造。(一般过去时)

Can tables be made of stone?桌子能用石头制造吗?(疑问句)

(四)动词不定式的基本用法

动词不定式在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语和宾语补足语和状语(包括目的状语,结果状语和原因状语。)

1)作主语

To dance with you makes me happy.和你跳舞令我高兴。

It is difficult to drive in the mountains.(=To drive in the mountains is difficult.)

在山里开车很困难。

2)作宾语

①后接不定式作宾语的及物动词多是表示“意愿”、“企图”等的动词,如:

hope,want,wish,desire,like,decide,try,promise,refuse.

I want to talk with her.我想和她谈谈。

She has decided to go.她已决定要走。

②在feel,find,think,consider,made等动词后如果是不定式作宾语,而补语是形容词,则通常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语即不定式移至形容词之后。如:

I find it impossible to forget her.我发现忘掉她是不可能的。

He thought it necessary to take an umbrella.他认为带把伞是必要的。

3)作表语

Her wish is to be a teacher.他的愿望是成为一名教师。

Your duty is to clean the classroom.你的任务是打扫教室。

4)作宾语补足语

He wants me to come earlier.他想要我来得更早些。

The policeman ordered them to turn around.警察命令他们转过身。

5)作目的状语:

She opened the window to let some fresh air in.她打开窗子好让新鲜空气进来。

I went there to see her yesterday.昨天我去那儿看她了。

6)作结果状语:

He is too tired to go any further.他太累了,不能再走了。

He is not old enough to join the army.他年龄太小,不能参军。

7)作原因状语:

不定式跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的形容词之后,可以表示引起这些情感的原因。

I’m sorry to trouble you.真抱歉给你带来麻烦。

I’m glad to see you.见到你真高兴。

英语初中知识点总结 第7篇

1. be supposed to do . 应该 如: We are supposed to stop smoking. 我们应该停止吸烟。

知识拓展 表示应该的词有:should, ought to ,be supposed to

2. shake hands 握手 shake 本意是“摇动、震动”

3. You should have asked what you were supposed to wear.

你本应该问清楚怎么样穿才得体。中的“should have asked”是

“情态动词+现在完成时”表示过去本应该xxx事,事实上没有做

如:She should have gone to Beijing. 她本应该去了北京。(没有去)

4. be relaxed abxxx sth. 对某事随意、不严格 如:

They are relaxed abxxx the time. 他们对时间很随意。

5. pretty adv. 相当,很=very She is pretty friendly. 她相当友好。

adj. 美丽的 She is a pretty girl.她是一个美丽的女孩。

6. make plans to do == plan to do. 打算xxx事 如:

She has made plans to go to Beijing.==She has planed to go to Beijing.

7. drop by 访问 看望 拜访 串门

We just dropped by our friends’ homes.我们刚刚去朋友家串门。

8. on time 按时

9. after all 毕竟 终究 如:You see I was right after all.你看,毕竟还是我对了。

10. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人xxx事 如:

Lily invited me to have dinner.莉莉请我吃晚饭。

11. withxxx 没有

12. around the world == all over the world 全世界

13. pick up 捡起 挑选 如:He picked up his hat. 他捡起他的帽子。

14. start doing == start to do 开始xxx事 如

He started reading.== He started to read. 他开始读。

15. point at 指向

16. stick v. 剌 截 n. 棒,棍

chopstick 筷子 是由chop(砍)+stick(棒)合成,通常用复数形式:chopsticks

17. go xxx of one’s way to do 特意,专门xxx事 如:

He went xxx of his way to make me happy. 他特意使我高兴。

18. make mistakes 犯错误(复数)make a mistake 犯错误(一个)

19. be different from 与…不同 如:

Chinese food is different from theirs. 中国菜与他们的不同.

used to sth.习惯于…

get/be used to doing习惯于…

be used to do 被用于做…

be used for doing 被用于做…

used to do 过去常常做… 如:

I wash clothes everyday. But I’m used to it.我每天都洗衣服,但我习惯了

I am used to washing clothes. 我习惯于洗衣服了。

The knives are used to cut things. 小刀被用来切东西。

The knives are used for cutting things. 小刀被用来切东西。

She used to watch TV after school. 她过去放学后常常看电视。

21. 我发现要记住每一样事是困难的。

I find it difficult to remember everything.

形式宾语 真正宾语

常见的形式宾语有:find / think + it/them +形容词 to do sth. 如:

I think it hard to study English.

22. cut up 切开 切碎 如:Let’s cut up the water melon. 让我们切开这个西瓜吧。

23. make a toast 敬酒

24. crowd v.挤满 其形容词和过去式及过去分词都是:crowded

25. set n. 一套 v. 设置

26. can’t stop doing 忍不住xxx事 I can’t stop laughing. 我忍不住笑

27. make faces 做鬼脸

28. face to face 面对面

29. learn…by oneself 自学 如: I learn English by my self. 我自学英语。

英语初中知识点总结 第8篇

一). 名词的数

1、 可数名词

一般是个体名词,如a xxx(一个男孩),集体名词a family(一个家庭),可数名词在句子中必须有头或是有尾,头就是a,one,an或物主代词;尾就是复数形式。

1) 规则复数变化形式

情况

构成方法

读音

例词

一般情况

加-s

清辅音后读/s/,浊辅音读/z/

book→books

key→keys

以o结尾的表示有生命的名词

加-es

读/z/

tomato→tomatoes

potato→potatoes

以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的名词

加-es

读/iz/

bus→buses

watch→watches

box→boxes

以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的名词

加-s

读/iz/

case→cases

orange→oranges

以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词

变y为i,再加-es

读/z/

family→families

party→parties

以f或fe结尾的名词

变f或fe为v,再加-es

读/z/

knife→knives

leaf→leaves

2) 不规则复数变化形式:

变内部元音字母

foot-feet, goose-geese, tooth- teeth, man-men

词尾加en

child-children, ox-oxen

单复数同形

fish, sheep, deer, means, Chinese, yuan, jin, li

3) 特殊的复数形式:

a) 集体名词:集体名词不能运用具体的数字修饰,下面的集体名词,不能用a,one,two等修饰,只能在其前加the表示“全体……”。

the police警察(指全体警察) the English英国人(指全体英国人)

b) 复合名词

a woman teacher—women teachers女教师 an Englishman—Englishmen英国男子

a brother-in-law—brothers-in-law小叔、大伯 a grown-up—grown-ups成人

2、 不可数名词

专有名词:NBA美篮协会 Michael Jackson xxx克逊 the West Lake西湖

物质名词:液体:milk water tea coffee juice oil(油)

肉类:beef chicken mutton pork

天气:weatherxxxin snow wind light 光

其他:news(新闻,消息) bread(面包)

抽象名词:fun love luck duty kindness善良happiness幸福progress进步

【注意】有些不可数的物质名词有复数形式,但表达不同意义。

tea— different kinds of teas 不同种类的茶

food 食品 — all kinds of foods 各种各样的食品

fruit 水果 — all kinds of fruits 各种各样的水果

glass 玻璃— a glass 一个玻璃杯 — glasses 眼镜、玻璃杯

一). 名词的格

1、表示有生命的东西的名词所有格。

①一般在单数或复数名词后加-'s。如:Tom's chair; the children's bedroom

②以-s结尾的复数名词后直接加“'”。如:the students' reading room

③并列名词 表示各自所属时,在两个名词之后都加’s;w

表示共同所属时。在最后一个名词后加's。

如:Tom and Mike's father 汤姆和迈克的父亲(俩人共有的父亲)

Tom’s and Mike’s fathers 汤姆的父亲和迈克的父亲(俩人各自的父亲)

④表示店铺,某人的家,私人开的诊所、餐馆等,其所有格后的名词(如shop等)可以省略。

如: at Tom’s 在汤姆家里 at the tailor's在裁缝店 at a chemist's在药店

2、表示无生命的东西的名词的所有格,xxx“of+名词”的形式。

如:the covers of the book(s)书的封面 a photo of my family一张我家的全家福

【注意】:

①表示有生命东西的名词,如果名词较长或名词的定语较长.也可用“of+名词”的形式。

如:the works of Lu Xun, Lao She and Mao Dun

the founding of the People's Republic of China _的成立

②表示时间、距离、集体、城市、国家、团体、机构及某些惯用语中的名词,可用-'s。

如:yesterday's newspaper昨天的报纸 five minutes’ drive开车五分钟的路程

③of短语所表示的是修饰名词的具体内容或材料。

如: a map of the world 世界地图 a ring of gold 金戒指

④某些习惯用法中of短语不能替换's结构。

如: teachers' office 教师办公室 children's book 儿童读物

英语初中知识点总结 第9篇

初中英语知识点总结:完形填空

完形填空是中高考常见的一种题型,是中学生最为棘手的题型之一,它既考查对语法,词汇,习语,句型,搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力,又考查对短文的阅读理解能力。其中包括在具体的语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力,根据试题内容进行正确的逻辑推理,综合判断和分析概括的能力。完形填空题的两空之间一般相隔7—10个词, 短文第一个句子一般不设填空题。完形填空考查题型有:

1、上下文直接信息题。

2、词义辨析题。

3、词、句、意结合题。

4、语法知识和固定短语考查题。

5、行文逻辑和全文中心把握题。

解题方法技巧:

1、快速诵读全文,领会大意

完形填空题所给的是一篇意思完整的短文,所选的答案处在整段或整篇文章之中。所以在做题前,必须先浏览全文,了解短文的大意,这是绝不可省的一步。

每篇短文总有一定的主题思想,段落之间必然承上启下,前呼后应,句与句之间 也一定紧密相连,形成一个整体。因此通读全文是要一气呵成,不要中断思路,只要能了解短文的大意就可。某些细节不理解可以跳过。如果不影响答题,可以置之不理。如果与答题有关,可到第二步填空时再琢磨解决。另外,在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头和结尾,因为它们能提供主要的信息,帮助了解全文所描述的`事件或文章的中心议题。初中英语试题:

2、抓住结构、语意及逻辑三条线索,分析对比备选答案

在通读全文的基础上,根据句子结构是否正确、语意是否通顺、逻辑是否合理对各备选答案应进行对比分析。分析时具体应注意以下几点:

(1) 当遇到一个需要填的词时,首先要考虑这个词在句子中的成分是什么?词性是什么?

(2) 如果需要填的是名词,就要考虑名词的单复数和所有格形式。

(3) 如果需要填的是形容词或副词,就应考虑是用原级或是比较级,还是最高级。

(4) 如果需要填的是动词,则要考虑动词的时态,语态,人称变化,语气以及非谓语动词(不定式和动词-ing形式)的一般式,被动式和完成式等。

(5) 如果需要填空的是介词,则要注意固定搭配的用法。

(6) 如果需要填的是冠词,则要注意是用不定冠词还是用定冠词。

(7) 另外要注意一些固定句型的完整。

(8) 所选答案应该和上下文和结构上都吻合

(9) 局部服从整体,应 从短文的整体内容出发,

3、复查核对,决定取舍

通读全文,检查还原了的原文是否完整、合理。其方法是:把短文连同所选答案细读一遍,凡读起来别扭或答案无确切把握的地方分别记下来,然后将每个空白处与其相对应的四个答案逐一对照,务求一一过关,避免遗漏。若发现原所选答案与复查时所选答案不同,不要急于涂改,待认真斟酌核实后,再决定取舍。 另外,在平时的练习中,对每一篇完形填空均可重复作上几遍,通过反复的练习,不但可以牢固地掌握所学基础知识,而且能够提高完形填空的应试能力。

常见考法

误区提醒

Stone is all around us. Stone is usually very hard, 1 it can also be soft. Stones have many uses.

英语初中知识点总结 第10篇

被动语态

初中英语学习最难的是语法,因为英语的语法跟汉语的语法有很大的不同。其中被动语

态是初中英语学习的重点和难点。被动语态特点和用法。

一、被动语态的构成形式

1.被动语态的基本时态变化

被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。

以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:

1) am/is/are +done (过去分词)一般现在时

例:Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.

2) has /have been done现在完成时

例:All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.

3) am/is /are being done现在进行时

例:A new cinema is being built here.

4) was/were done一般过去时

例:| was given ten minutes to decide whether | should reject the offer.

5) had been done过去完成时

例:By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in

Beijing.

6) was/were being done过去进行时

例:A meeting was being held when I was there.

7) shall/will be done一般将来时

例:Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.

8) should/would be done过去将来时

例:The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.

9) shall/will have been done将来完成时(少用)

例:The project will have been completed before July.

2.被动语态的特殊结构形式

1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+ be+过去分词。

例:The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.

2)有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。

例:His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.

3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主

语,其余不动。

例:Someone caught the xxx smoking a cigarette. 可改为The xxx was caught

smoking a cigarette.

4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。

例:Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+ 副词”等,也可以用

于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体, 不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。

例:The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

3.非谓语动词的被动语态

v+ing形式及不定式to do也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。

如何使用

1)如何使用被动语态;

学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。

1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by短语)。

例:My bike was stolen last night.

2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。

例:| was given ten minutes to decide whether | should accept the offer.

3.为了更好地安排句子。

例:The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一个主语就够了)

2)It is said that+从句及其他类似句型

一些表示”据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say,suppose, think等可以用于句型”It+ be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+ be+过去分词+to do sth.“。

有:It is said that... 据说,It is reported that.. .据报道,

It is believed that...大家相信,It ishoped that..大家希望,

It is well known th...众所周知,It is thought that...大家认为,

It is suggested that.. .据建议。

例:lt is said that the xxx has passed the national exam.

(=The xxx is said to have passed the national exam. )

3)谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

1.英语中有很多动词如break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read ,write, wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。

例:This kind of cloth washes well.

注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。

试比较: The door won't lock. (指i ]本身有毛病)

The door won't be locked. (指不会有人来锁门,指“I ]没有锁”是人的原因)

2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如: happen, last, take place, break

xxx, come xxx, come abxxx, come true, run xxx, give xxx, turn xxx等以主动形式表示被动意义。

例:How do the newspapers come xxx?这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?

3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。

例:Your reason sounds reasonable

4)非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义

在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。

1.在need, want, require, bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含

义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。

例:The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。

2.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。

例:The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy tobe read.)

3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

例:I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. (to do与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。)

试比较: I' II go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? (此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)

4.在某些”形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。

例:This problem is difficult to work xxx .(可看作to work xxx省略了for me).

5.在too... to.. .结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。

例:This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.

6.在there be...句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物。

例:There is no time to lose(to be lost).(用to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost,谁lost time不明确。)

7.在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。

例:Who is to blame for starting the fire?

秋风,唱给xxx听的歌

初中英语知识点总结:句型结构 初中英语语法中,有很多特殊句型结构,牢记这些句型结构,以后再运用上就可以得心应手。下面是初中英语重点句型结构总结,希望能帮助到大家。

1、see,hear,notice,find,feel,listen to,look at (感官动词)+ do eg: I like watching monkeys 、 (比较级 and 比较级) 表示越来越……3 、a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 补:a place of interest 名胜4、 agree with sb. 赞成某人5、 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一种/样6、 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界

7 、along with 同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you 我将和你一起去The students planted trees along with their teachers. 学生同老师们一起种树。

8、 As soon as 一……就……

9 、as you can see 你是知道的

10、 ask for ……求助 向……要……(直接接想要的东西) eg: ask you for my book

11 、ask sb. for sth. 向某人什么12、 ask sb. to do sth. 询问某人某事ask sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不要xxx事

13、 at the age of 在……岁时eg:I am sixteen. I am at the age of 、at the beginning of … ……的起初;……的开始15、 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后;尽头;末尾eg : At the end of the day16、 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 补:at least 至少

17、 be /feel confident of sth. /that clause + 从句 感觉/对什么有信心,自信 eg: I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test

18 、be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时

19 、be able to (+ v.原) = can (+ v.原) 能够……eg: She is able to sing. She can sing. 补:base on 以……(为)根据

20、 be able to do sth. 能够干什么 eg: She is able to sing.

21、 be afraid to do (of sth. 恐惧,害怕……eg: I'm afraed to go xxx at night. I'm afraid of 、be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV. 我被允许看电视。I should be allowed to watch TV. 我应该被允许看电视。

23 、be angry with sb. 生某人的气 eg: Don't be angry with me.

24、 be angry with (at) sb. for doing sth. 为什么而生某人的气

25、 be as … 原级 … as 和什么一样 eg: She is as tall as me. 她和我一样高。

26 、be ashamed to

27 、be away from 远离

28、 be away from 从……离开

29 、be bad for 对什么有害eg: Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes. 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好。30、 be born 出生于

31、 be busy doing sth. 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth. 忙于……

32、 be careful 当心;小心 be close to … 离……很近

33、 be different from … 和……不一样

34、 be famous for 以……著名

35 、be friendly to sb 对某人友好

36 、be from = come from 来自eg:He is from Bejing. He comes from he from Bejing? Does he come from Bejing?37 、be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water38 、be glad + to do/从句 xxx事很高兴

39 、be going to + v.(原) 打算,计划,准备……40 、be good at(+ doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……

41、 be good for 对什么有好处eg: Reading aloud is good for your 、 be happy to do 很高兴xxx事43、 be helpful to sb. 对某人有好处eg: Reading aloud is helpful to you. 大声朗读对你有好处。Exercising is helpful to your bady. 锻炼对你的身体有好处。

44、 be in good health 身体健康

45、 be in trouble 处于困难中eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble

46、 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣

47、 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到

48 、be like 像…… eg: I'm like my mother.

49 、be mad at 生某人的气

50、 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料) 补:be made in 在……生产或制造

51、 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)52、 be not sure 表不确定

53、be on a visit to 参观

54、 be popular with sb. 受某人欢迎 补:be please with 对…感到满意

55、 be quiet 安静

56、be short for 表……的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for xxx

57、be sick in bed 生病在床

58、be sorry to do sth. be sorry for sb. eg: I am sorry for you.

59、 be sorry to hear that

60、be sorry to trouble : I am sorry to trouble you.

61、be strict in doing sth. xxxxxx事 eg: He's strict in obeying noles

62、be strict with sb. 对某人要求xxxg: Some students are not strict with them selves. 这些学生对自己不严格。

63、be strict with sb in sth. 某方面对某人严格

64、 be supposed to do 被要求干什么65、 be sure 表确定66、be sure of doing sth. 对xxx事有信心eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well67、 be sure of sth. 对xxx事有信心eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher). 我相信我的大脑(老师)。

68、be sure that sth. 对xxx事有信心eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test. 我相信他能通过考试。69、be sure to do sth. 一定会xxx事eg: We are sure to pass the test. 我们一定会通过这次考试We are sure to learn English well. 我们一定能学好英语。

70、be terrified of + 名/动 doing 害怕……

71、 be terrified to do sth. 害怕xxx事

72、be the same as … 和什么一样

73、be used to doing sth.习惯xxx事 eg: My father is used to getting up early. 我爸爸习惯早起。He is used to sleeping in class. 他习惯上课睡觉.He is used to working is used to hard work. 他习惯努力工作

74、be worth doing 值得做什么

75、be (feel) afraid to do sth. 害怕xxx事be afraid of sth. 害怕某物be afraid that 丛句76、because + 句子 because of + 短语

eg: He was late because he had a headache.

He was late because of his headache.

77、begin to do = start to do 开始xxx事start … with … = begin … with … 以……开始……eg: Let's begin the game with the song. I begin to go home.

78、between … and … 两者之间

79、borrow sth. from sb. 向……借……

lend sth. to sb. lend sb. sth. 借给……什么东西

eg: I borrowed a pen from him. He lent a pen to me (he lent me a pen).

80、both = the same (as) = not different (from) 表相同

81 bother 打扰 bother sb. to do sth. 补:both … and … ……和……都

eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站。The problem has been bothering me for weeks. 这个问题困扰了我几个周了。

He's bothering me to lend him money.

82、by the end of 到……为止

83、call sb. sth. eg: We call him old wang.

84、care 关心

eg: Don't you care abxxx this country's future? 你为什么不关心国家的未来。

85、catch up with sb. 赶上某人

86、chat with sb. 和某人闲谈 take sb. to + 地点 带某人去某地

87、come in 进来

88、come over to 过来

89、come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea? 你能想出一个好办法吗?

90、communicate with sb. 和某人交流

91、consider + doing 考虑做……eg: Why not consider going to lu zhou? 为什么不考虑去泸州?

92 dance to 随着……跳舞 eg: She likes dancing to the music. 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞。

93、decide to do sth. 决定xxx事

94、do a survey of xxx方面的调查

95、do better in 在……方面做得更好

补:do well in 在……方面干的好96、do wrong 做错补:droup off 放下(某物)97 Don't forget to do sth. 不要忘了xxx事。98 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词. 不要介意……。99、each + 名(单)每一个……100、end up + doing

英语初中知识点总结 第11篇

句子成分

1.主语:句子所陈述的对象。

2.谓语:主语发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词。

3.宾语:分为动词宾语和介词宾语,属于动作的承受者。

4.系动词:表示状态或状态变化的动词,没有实际的动作意义。如be,感官系动词(look, sound, smell,

taste和feel)、保持类系动词(keep, stay和remain)、状态变化类系动词(become、get、turn和go)等。

5.表语:紧跟系动词后面的'成分。

6.定语:修饰名词或代词的成分。

7.状语:修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子的成分。

8.补语:分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。是对宾语和主语的补充说明,与其有主动或被动的逻辑关系。

例如:You should keep the room clean and tidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(You是主语,should

keep是谓语,the room是宾语,clean and tidy是宾语补足语。)

This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。(This kind of

food是主语,tastes是系动词,delicious是表语。)

英语初中知识点总结 第12篇

一,表示并列关系的连词有:

and,both…and,neither…nor,either…or,not only…but also,as well as

1.and“和,并且”,连接对等的词句。(在否定句中要用or连接。)

I like physics and chemistry.我喜欢物理和化学。

I don’t like physics or chemistry.我不喜欢物理和化学。

2.both…and“……和……都”

Both Jim and Mary went to the cinema yesterday.昨天吉姆和xxx都去看电影了。

Exercise is good both for body and for mind.运动有益于身心。

3.neither…nor两者皆不

He neither smokes nor drinks.他既不抽烟又不喝酒。

I like neither swimming nor skating.我既不喜欢游泳,又不喜欢溜冰。

4.either…or不是…就是…,或者…或者….。

Either you come to the office now,or wait for me at home.

你要么现在到办公室来,要么就在家等着。

Either he or I will leave.不是他就是我将要离开。

5.not only…but(also)不但……而且……(not only…but also中的also可以省略。)

Not only she but also I am wrong.不但她错了,我也错了。

He not only made a promise,but kept it.他不仅许诺,而且做到了。

6.as well as也、又

We will rescue Henry as well as you.除了你,我们还要营救亨利。

He likes basketball as well as football.除了足球,他还喜欢篮球。

二、常用的从属连词:

(一)引导时间状语从句的连词有:when,while,since,until,after,before,as soon as

1.when当……时

When we got there,the meeting had begun.我们到时,会议已经开始了。

It wasxxxining when she arrived at the station.她到达车站时,正在下雨。

2.while正当……时,正在……时。(while引导的从句中,谓语动词必须是延续性动词,且xxx进行时。

Don’t make any noise while others are reading.别人读书时不要制造噪音。

She sang while she was walking.她边走边唱。

3.since自从

It’s just a month since we arrived here.我们到这儿刚好一月了。

My mother has been ill since I left home.自从我离开家我妈妈就一直生病。

4.until直到……为止

Until you told me,I knew nothing at all abxxx it.在我告诉我之前,我对此之外无所知。

He didn’t appear until the meeting had begun.直到会议开始他才露面。

5.before在……之前

after在……之后

I’ll phone you after I arrive.我到达之后给你打电话。

Say goodbye before you go.你走之前要说再见。

6.as soon as一……就

I’ll visit you as soon as I come back.我一回来就去拜访你。

Please tell him as soon as you see him.你一看见他就请告诉他。

(二)引导原因状语从句的连词:because,since,as,for,now that

1.because因为(because与so不能并用。)

I can’t believe in him because he isn’t honest.我不能信任他,因为他不诚实。

She didn’t come because she didn’t know it.她没有来,因为她不知道。

2.since既然

Since he says so,it must be true.既然他这么说,那一定是真的。

Since you ask,I will tell you.你既然问,我就告诉你。

3.as因为,由于

As we are hungry,let’s have supper.由于大家饿了,我们就吃晚饭吧。

Mother began to worry abxxx my brother as it was getting dark.

由于天越来越黑,妈妈开始为哥哥着急。

4.for因为

We can't go for it isxxxining.我们不能走,因为正在下雨。

I enjoyed myself at the party for I knew all the guests well.

我在晚会上玩得很尽兴,因为所有的个人我都很熟悉。

5.now that既然

Now that he is unhappy,let’s leave him alone.既然他不高兴,我们就让他自己呆着吧。

Now that she feels sorry,please forgive her.既然她很后悔,就请原谅她吧。

(三)引导结果状语从句:so…that,such…that

1.so…that如此……以致

She is so tired that he can’t go any further.她太累了,不能再走了。

She is so big a cat that she can’t get into the hole.这猫太大了钻不进这洞。

2.such…that如此……以致

It’s such a beautiful place that I wouldn’t come back.这地方太美了,令我留恋返。

It’s such a fine day that many people go to the park for fun.

天气这么好,许多人都到公园里来玩乐。

(四)引导目的状语从句的连词:so that,in order that以便

They hurried so that they can get there on time.他们加快了速度,为的是能够按时到达。

I hired a boat in order that I can go fishing.为了去钓鱼,我租了条小船。

(五)引导比较状语从句的连词:than,as…as

He is taller than his brother.他比他兄弟高。

She could draw as well as her teacher.她能画得跟她的老师一样好。

(六)引导让步状语从句的连词:though,although(though与although的用法基本一样)

Although itxxxined hard,he still went xxx.尽管雨下得很大,他还是出去了。

Even though I have enough time,I don’t want to go there with him.

尽管我有时间,可我并不想跟他去那。

英语初中知识点总结 第13篇

形容词和副词比较级的用法

(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”。

Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。

This room is three times bigger than that>这个房间比那个大三倍。

(2)“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”。

I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。

He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。

英语初中知识点总结 第14篇

1. …as soon as…一…就…

Mary一见到她弟弟就会告诉他这个消息。

Mary will tell her brother this message as soon as he sees him.

我们一到那儿就去爬山了。

We went climbing as soon as we arrived / got / reached there.

2. as + adj./adv.+ as… …和…一样(的/地)…

not as(so)…as… …不如/不比… ….

xxx和xxx跑得一样快。

Li Lei runs as fast as Jim.

约翰和你的年龄不一样大。

John is not as (so) old as you.

这部电视剧不如那部有趣。(TV series)

This TV series is not as (so) interesting as that one.

3. as +adj./adv.+ as possible尽可能…的/地…

我们在英语课上应该尽可能地多讲英语。

We should speak English as much as possible in English class.

你能不能尽可能慢一些读这个句子?

Can you read the sentence as slowly as possible?

4. ask sb for sth向某人要求某物

当你迷路时,你可以向警察需求帮助。

When you get lost, you can ask the police for help.

一些学生经常向父母要钱去玩电子游戏。(video games)

Some students often ask their parents for money to play video games.

他向父母要一辆自行车作为生日礼物。

He asked his parents for a bicycle as his birthday present.

5. ask/ tell sb. (how) to do sth询问/告诉某人如何xxx事

许多学生经常问老师如何才能学好英语。

Many students often ask their teachers how to learn English well.

让我来告诉你如何发邮件。

Let me tell you how to send an e-mail.

6. ask / tell /want sb (not) to do sth.要求(让)/告诉/想要某人做(不做)某事

护士告诉我服用此药需一日三次,饭后服用。

The nurse told me to take this medicine three times a day after meals.

老师经常告诉我要更加努力地学习。

The teacher often tells me to study harder.

他让我不要再犯同样的错误。

He asked me not to make the same mistake again.

7. make/ let /have sb. (not) do sth使/让某人做(不做)某事

他使得孩子哭得很厉害。

He made the child cry loudly.

昨天他使我在影院门口等了很长时间。

He made me wait for long (for a long time) at the gate of the cinema yesterday.

直到我们做完了作业,妈妈才让我们去玩球。

Mother didn’t let us play football until we finished our homework.

那个老板迫使工人们每天工作10小时。

That boss made the workers work (for) ten hours a day.

8. be afraid of doing / to do/that害怕/不敢xxx事

这个小女孩不敢晚上出去。

The little girl is afraid to go xxx in the evening / at night.

他害怕独自呆在家里。

He is afraid of staying at home alone.

许多人担心他们会失去工作。(be afraid that)

Many people are afraid that they will lose their jobs.

9. be busy with sth. / doing sth.忙于某事/xxx事

现在学生们忙于准备考试。

Now students are busy preparing for the exams.

昨天下午妈妈都在忙着做家务。(两种)

Mother was busy with housework yesterday afternoon.

Mother was busy doing housework yesterday afternoon.

10. be famous / late /ready / sorry for sth.

因…而著名/ (做)…迟到了/晚了/为…准备/为…而抱歉

如果你不快点,你就会上班迟到。

If you don’t hurry, you will be late for work.

杭州以丝绸而出名。

Hangzhou is famous for silk.

我们已经准备好迎接奥运会了。

We have been ready for the Olympic Games.

我为我的错误而抱歉。

I am sorry for my mistake.

11. be glad that很高兴…

我很高兴你能来参加晚会。

I am very glad that you can come to the evening party.

老师很高兴我们班得了第一名。

The teacher was very glad that our class was the first / won the first prize.

12. give/ show/ bring/ lend/ send/ pass/ tell / offer sth to sb

buy/give/ show/ send/ pass/ bring/ lend/ tell sb. sth

给某人某物;给某人看某物;给某人带来某物;借给某人某物;送给某人某物;递给某人某物;把某事告诉给某人;主动给某人某物

请递给我一张纸。

Please pass me a piece of paper.

=Please pass a piece of paper to me.

请把你的画给我看看。

Please show me your picture.

=Please show your picture to me

他借给我一辆自行车。

He lent me a bike.

=He lent a bike to me.

别忘了下次来给我带点儿钱。

Don’t forget to bring me some money when you come here next time.

= Don’t forget to bring some money to me when you come here next time.

13. either…or…或…或…,不是…就是…,要么…要么…

不是你,就是他是对的。

Either you or he is right. V.就近原则

每个周末,我们要么去公园,要么呆在家里。

We either go to a park or stay at home every weekend. (at/on weekends.)

要了解世界,人们既可以读报纸,也可以看电视。

People can either read newspapers or watch TV to get to know the world.

14. neither…nor…既不…也不…,两者都不…

我和他都没有读过这本书。

Neither he nor I have ever read this book. V.就近原则

这个女孩已经十岁了,但她既不会读书,也不会写字。

The girl is already ten, but she can neither read nor write.

15. enjoy/ finish/mind/ keep/ practise/go on doing sth.

享受做…之乐;做xxx事;介意xxx事;一直xxx事;练习xxx事;继续做…

我们应该经常练习讲英语。

We should often practice speaking English.

我奶奶一直坚持早晨锻炼身体已经有十年了。

My grandma has kept doing exercise in the morning for ten years.

16. find /think / feel + it + adj. (for sb.)to do sth.发现/认为/觉得xxx事如何

越来越多的人发现吃太多汉堡包不利于健康。

More and more people have found it unhealthy to eat too many hamburgers.

很多大学生发现在大学中交友很难。

A lot of students have found it very hard to make friends at college.

17. get + adj.的.比较级+ and + adj.的比较级变得越来越…

地球变得越来越暖和了。

It gets warmer and warmer on the earth.

春天到了,天气变得越来越热了。

Spring is coming and it’s getting warmer and warmer.

北京变得越来越美丽了。

Beijing is becoming more and more beautiful.

18. The + adj./adv.的比较级,the + adj./adv.的比较级。越...,就越…。

天气越冷,人们穿得就越多。

The colder it is, the more people wear.

我们种的树越多,空气就会越干净。

The more trees we plant, the cleaner the air will be.

英语,我们练习得越多,说得就越好。

The more we practice speaking English, the better we can speak.

你越强健,患感冒的机会就越少。

The stronger you are, the less chance you will catch a cold.

19. It is +序数词+ adj./adv.的最高级+ n.

黄河是中国第二长的河流。

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.

他是我们班跑得第二快的。

He runs the second fastest in our class.

20. one of the +最高级+ n. (pl.)是最…之一者

xxx是世界上最好的篮球运动员之一。

Yao Ming is one of the best basketball players in the world.

三亚是中国最美丽的城市之一。

Sanya is one of the most beautiful cities in China.

英语初中知识点总结 第15篇

形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的.构成规则

(1)单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est。

①单音节单词:small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest

tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest

②少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词:clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest

(2)以不发音e结尾的单音节单词,比较级在原形后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st。

large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest

(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)单词中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。

big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest

(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。

easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest

busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest

(5)其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most。

beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful

different→more different→most different

easily→more easily→most easily

(6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。

good→better→best well→better→best

bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst

old→older/elder→oldest/eldest

many/much→more→most little→less→least

far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

英语初中知识点总结 第16篇

宾语从句

1.宾语从句的含义

在主句中做宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。

如:She knew that the teacher had seen the film.她知道这位老师看过这部电影。

“that the teacher had seen the

film”做knew的宾语,同时又是由连接词that引导的从句,所以它叫做宾语从句。

2.宾语从句的分类

(1)动词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于动词后面的`宾语从句。

如:He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。

(2)介词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于介词后面的宾语从句。

如:I agree with what you said just now.我同意你刚才说的话。

(3)形容词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于形容词后面的宾语从句。

如:I am afraid that I will be late.恐怕我要迟到了。

3.引导名词性从句的连接词

(1)that:没有含义,在宾语从句中不做成分

(2)whether/if:表示是否,在宾语从句中不做成分。

I don t know if /whether he still lives here after so many

years.我不知道这么多年后,他是否还住在这里。

(3)连接代词:what, which, who, whom, whose(在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语)

连接副词:where, when, how, why(在宾语从句中做状语)

The small children don t know what is in their

stockings.(what在宾语从句中做主语)这些小孩子不知道什么在他们的长筒袜里。

Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this

morning?(why在宾语从句中做原因状语)你能告诉我为什么你今天早上开会迟到吗?

4.在做宾语从句的题目时应注意两点

(1)时态:

①当主句是现在时态时,宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。

I don t know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。

He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。

②当主句是过去时态时,宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态。

She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。

He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。

③当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时,任何时候都用一般现在时。

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说过地球绕着太阳转。

(2)语序:任何从句都使用陈述句语序,宾语从句当然也不例外。