英语虚拟语气用法总结(热门7篇)

英语虚拟语气用法总结 第1篇

条件句

虚拟条件句主要有下面两类:

表示现在及将来情况(表示纯然假设或实现的可能性不大的情况):

谓语主要形式如下(be多用were这个形式):

how nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer.

表示过去情况的虚拟条件句(与事实完全相反的假设情况), 谓语主要形式如下:

if i hadn’t taken your advice, i would have made a bad mistake,

you wouldn’t have caught cold if you had put on more clothes.

有时候, 条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作, 发生的时间是不一致的(如一个是过去发生的, 一个是现在发生的). 这时, 动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整. 这种句子可以称为错综。

英语虚拟语气用法总结 第2篇

语 法 讲 解

--虚拟语气

英语中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。

虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。

一．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中

1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。

If we had time now, we would read it again.

If I were you, I would work hard.

2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。

If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.

If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.

3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。

If it should rain, the crops would be saved.

If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.

虚拟条件句的特殊情况

(1). 混合/错综型虚拟语气

当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为‘错综条件句’，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。

If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.(从句说的是过去，主句是现在)

If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(从句是现在，主句是过去)

（2）省略if的虚拟语气

如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。

If it should happen, what would you do? →Should it happen, what would you do?

If he had recognized me, he would have come over. →Had he recognized me, he would have come over.

(3) 含蓄虚拟条件句

有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, with, but for(要是没有), otherwise, or, but等。

Without your help(=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.

But for electricity(=If there were no electricity, there would be no modern industry.

He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwise he would have attended the party.

(4) 在if it were( had been )not for ….句型中的虚拟语气

虚拟语气也常用于‘if it were/(had been) not for ….’句型中，意为‘要不是由于…’。

If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today.

If it had not been for your timely help, I would have gone bankrupt.

二． 虚拟语气用在名词性从句中

1.主语从句中的虚拟语气

这种虚拟语气主要用在it is+形容词（名词，过去分词）+that+主语+should+动词原形（should可以省略）这种结构中。

① 常见的这类形容词有：advisable, anxious, better, desirable, surprising, natural, necessary, strange, important, regretful.

② 常见的这类过去分词有：decided, demanded, recommended, requested, desired, required, ordered, suggested.

③ 常见的这类名词有：duty, pity, no surprise, no wonder, regret, shame.

It was suggested that he（should）join the club activities.

It is strange (surprising, disappointing) that she (should) not have been invited.

It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.

2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气

① wish 后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为要是，但愿…就好了），其形式主要有三种：

表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish后接一般过去时的从句

表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish后接过去完成时/should，could have done

表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish后接would，could+动词原形

I wish it were spring all year round.

I wish it would be fine tomorrow.

She wished she had stayed at home.

② 在表示建议，命令，要求等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。此类动词有：suggest, advise, propose, demand, require, insist（要求）, order, prefer, command, ask, request.

The teacher ordered that all the books (should) be handed in on time.

. 当suggest表示‘暗示，说明’之意；insist表示‘坚持认为，坚持说’之意时，从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语气。

The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.

The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with life.

3. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气

在表示建议，命令，要求的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用（should）+动词原形。常见名词有：advice, desire, request, demand, proposal, suggestion, preference, requirement, order.

He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospital entertained.

His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.

三．虚拟语气在其他情况中的使用

1.在as if/ as though引导的状语从句中，若从句与事实相反，则要用虚拟语气。其形式如下：

主语+as if/ though +主语+一般过去时（从句的动作与主句同时发生）

主语+as if/ though +主语+would/could+动词原形（从句的动作相对主句来说在将来发生）

主语+as if/ though +主语+过去完成时（从句的动作先发生于主句动作之前）

He talks as if he knew all about it.

She speaks English well as if he had studied in America.

He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad.

2.在it is (high) time that …句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，有时也用should +动词原形，表示早该做而没做的事，含建议的意味。

It is time that we went home.

.此句型中，注意与‘It/This is the +序数词+time that+现在完成式的区别。

This is the first time that I have been here.

rather后接动词原形，但接从句时要用虚拟语气（宁愿，但愿）。

Would rather +主语+一般过去时（表示与现在或将来相反）

Would rather +主语+过去完成时（表示与过去相反）

I’d rather he didn’t go now.

I’d rather you hadn’t done it.

4. if only后接从句也用虚拟语气，其形式与wish的用法一致。

5. 动词hope, intend, mean, plan, want, think等词用过去完成的形式，表示的意思为‘本想，本打算，本认为’

He had meant to buy the furniture last week, but it rained.

（他上周本打算去买那件家具，但却下雨了）

虚拟语气练习题精选

1. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.

A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished

2. She made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ Iraq.

A. leave; for B. leave; to C. left; to D. to be left; for

3. He is talking so much about America as if he _____ there.

A. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone

4. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.

A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set

5. I suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ .

A. can; it B. /; / C. would; it D. may; /

6. The suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.

A. for; to B. that; be C. which; should be D. to; being

7. The order came that the medical supplies _____ to Beijing for the Sars soon.

A. would be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent

8. It is important that we _____ wild animals.

A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting

9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.

A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been

10. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.

A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be

11. _____ today, he _would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave

12. Should it rain, the crops _____ .

A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved

13. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.

A. would B. should have C. may D. have

14. He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.

A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were

15. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.

A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent

16. A few minutes earlier and we ____ the rain.

A. have caught B. had caught C. could have caught D. were to catch

17. --- “Have you ever been to Beijing?”

--- “No, but I wish I _____”

A. have B. will C. do D. had

18. I’m glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .

A. I may have failed B. I’d fail C. I’d have failed D. I’ll have failed

19. --- “What will you do during the summer holiday?”

--- “I don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”

A. I’m deciding B. I’ll decide C. I decided D. I decide

20. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?

A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow

安徽 But for their help, we ______ the program in time.

A . can not finish. B. will not finish C. hand not finished D. could not have finished

江苏 He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _____ it differently.

A . could express. B.. would express. C. could have expressed. D. must have expressed.

23. 09浙江. The doctor recommended that you ____ swim after eating a large meal.

A. wouldn’t. B. couldn’t. C. needn’t D. shouldn’t

福建. But for the help of my English teacher, I ____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.

A . would not win. B. would not won. C. would win. D. would have won.

重庆. ----Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?

----She ____ in the classroom. I saw her there just now.

A. shall be. B. should have been. C. must be. D. might have been.

英语虚拟语气用法总结 第3篇

一。考纲要求

根据考纲的要求，虚拟语气部分主要考查情态动词的选择、虚拟语气在条件句中、在名词性从句中、在简单句中或在日常交际中的使用等基本用法。

二。命题导向

依据语境来判断虚拟语气的不同形式是高考试题的主要设题方法之一。在近年的高考试题中，出现了对陈述语气与虚拟语气辨析的考查。虚拟语气在各种从句中的应用是该部分的重点掌握内容。

三。复习要点

虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，说话人陈述的并不是事实，而是表达一种愿望、假设和猜测等。只有在非真实的条件句中才使用虚拟语气，如果假设的条件有可能实现，用真实条件句。如果假设的条件无法实现或实现的可能性很小，则用虚拟语气。使用虚拟语气的情况主要有下列几种：

1. 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用

(1) if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气

非真实条件句表示不可能实现的或实现的可能性很小假设。条件句与主句皆须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的时态形式有三种：

①表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句的谓语动词用“动词过去式(be一般用were)”，主句的谓语动词用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。例如：

If you were the UN Secretary General, could you stop the wars on the earth?

If he had a chance, he would/should/ might/could choose to study abroad。

②表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”，主句的谓语动词用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。

If Li Ming had spent more time on her studies, she might/would/could/should have been admitted to Tsinghua University last year。

⑵ 省略连词if 的虚拟条件句中

如果把连接条件从句的连词if省略，必须将从句的谓语部分的助动词had, 情态动词should或系动词were等移至主语之前，构成倒装语序。例如：

Had he known my address(=If he had known my address)， he would have visited me earlier。

Should I meet Jay Zhou some day(=If I should meet Jay Zhou some day)， I might tell him that I like him.

Were I you(=If you were I)， I would get on well with my teachers and classmates。

【记忆小窍门】可提到句首的词有三个：had, should和were。谐音记忆：一马当先“还属我”。

⑶含蓄虚拟条件句

有时，可不用条件句表示一个非真实的条件，而用一些介词短语或通过上下文中暗含某种非真实的条件，这种句子叫做“含蓄条件句”。例如：

①通过with, without, but for和动词不定式短语等表示虚拟的条件

She’d look better with shorter hair. =if she had her hair cut shorter

Without your help, we could not have completed the task ahead of time. =If it had not been for your help…

But for the heavy snow, I could have gone on holiday. =If there had not been the heavy snow…

She would be shocked to hear the news. =If she heard the news…

It would be easier to do it in this way. =If you did it in this way…

②句中含有or, or else, otherwise, but等词语，暗示句子的某一部分(前句或后句)需用虚拟语气。

He was on business in Beijing at that time; otherwise he might have helped us。

Luckily Mary telephoned to inform me of the meeting, or would have been I absent。

I should have attended my friend’s wedding ceremony, but I couldn’t afford the time。

2.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用

⑴在主语从句中， 在下面的几种情况下，谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”

①It is+形容词+that…句型。常见的形容词有important, necessary, natural, funny, strange, surprising, astonishing(令人惊讶的)等。

② It is +名词+that…句型。常见的名词有pity, shame, advice, suggestion, proposal(提议，建议)， requirement, request, desire, order等。

③ It is+动词的过去分词+ that…句型。常见的动词有advise, order, propose, request, suggest, demand, require等。

在以上三种句型中，主语从句的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”， should可省略。例如：

It is important that we (should) have a good knowledge of computer in modern times。

It is necessary that these useful expressions (should) be learnt by heart。

It is a shame that children (should) be forced to beg in the streets in the capital city。

It's suggested that the school (should) organize an outing when spring comes。

It is required that middle-schools students (should) take at least one-hour exercise every day。

⑵在下列动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。这类动词有：insist(坚持)， urge (催促)， order(命令)， command(命令)， request(请求，要求)， demand(要求)，require(要求，需要)suggest(建议)，advise(建议)，propose(建议) , recommend(建议， 推荐) 等。

The captain insisted that the wounded soldier (should) be sent to hospital at once。

The policeman demanded the thief (should) tell his name and address。

Doctors strongly recommend that fathers (should) be present at their baby's birth。

【记忆小窍门】一个“坚持”和”催促”、二个“命令”， 三个“要求”， 四个“建议”。

⑶在含有advice, order, demand, proposal(提议) requirement, suggestion等名词的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。

The governor gave order that the flood (should) be controlled before dark。

My suggestion is that the project (should) be completed by the end of the year。

在一些名词性从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或“should +have done”，表示惊讶、意志等感情色彩，译为“竟然，居然”。

I am surprised /shocked that you should speak in such a way。

I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to his mum。

It is strange /surprising that she should not have been invited。

I am glad that your story should have won the first prize。

⑷在wish后的宾语从句中

①表示将来的愿望实现的可能性非常小，wish后的宾语从句的谓语动词用should/would/could/ might+动词原形。

We wish the friendship between the two countries would last forever。

②表示与现在事实相反的愿望，宾语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)。

②He always wishes he were a millionaire and owned a big house and a sports car.

③表示与过去事实相反的愿望，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。

③How he wished he hadn’t wasted too much time on playing computer games while at school.

⑸在would rather/would prefer后的宾语从句中

在would rather/would prefer后的宾语从句中，常用过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。

⑹在would rather/would prefer从句中

①Frankly speaking, I would rather you came tomorrow. The manager isn’t available today。

②I would rather you had gone to the party with me last night. It was really wonderful。

③―Could I smoke here?

―I'd prefer it if you didn’t smoke in front of the children。

3. 在as if/though 后的方式状语从句中，表示某种情况与现在的事实相反， 谓语动词用过去式;表示即将发生的情况“用情态动词+动词原形”;表示某种的情况有过去的事实相反， 谓语动词用过去完成时。

The coach always treats the players as if they were his own children.

She was suffering from a bad cold. Her head felt as if it would burst。

Gary was behaving as though nothing had happened。

4.在in case, in order that目的状语从句中

在in case 引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”;在so that, in order that 等引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词除了用“should+动词原形”外，还可用“might/could/would+动词原形”。

In case you should need any help, here’s my number。

In order that training should be effective it must be planned systematically。

I took a taxi so that I would/could/might be in time for the appointment。

5. 在It is (high) time(that)…定语从句中，谓语用过去时或用should+动词原形。should不可省略。

It’s high time that we devoted/should devote our time to preparing for the coming exam。

6. 在if only感叹句中

if only表示“但愿……”，“要是……就好了”，句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。其构成的方法与wish后的宾语从句基本相同。

If only Xiao Hua’s mother were still alive!

If only I had known the answer when my teacher questioned me。

If only I could fly to the moon in Shenzhou Ⅷ spaceship。

7. 在简单句中

⑴情态动词Would/could/might，表示说话人的礼貌或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。

Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office? 您能否指点我去邮局的路?

Could you let me have your passport? 看看你的护照好吗?

Might I speak to you for a moment? 我能和你谈一下吗?(使用might比may更客气)

⑵表示祝愿

“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，通常把may置于句首，构成倒装语序。

May you succeed in the future!

May the friendship between us last long!

英语虚拟语气用法总结 第4篇

四. 注意事项

1. 错综时间虚拟条件句中

如果if条件句表示的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致，从句和主句的谓语动词的形式要根据各自的时间来调整， 这种情况被称作“错综时间虚拟语气”或“混合虚拟语气”。

If America had not made wars on Iraq, the Iraqi people would be living a peaceful life now。

If I were you, I would have visited the museum yesterday.

If we didn’t have an exam tomorrow, my friends and I could be playing football now。

2. 有时，只在条件句或主句中使用虚拟语气，而另一分句用陈述语气。

If you should change your mind, do let me know。

Should anyone call (= If anyone calls)， please tell them that I’m busy。

Can you read that form carefully, if you wouldn’t mind, and then sign it?

I would appreciate it if you call back this afternoon for the doctor's appointment.

―What would you do if it rains tomorrow?

―We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready。

3. 在一些日常会话中，一些简单句通常暗含虚拟的意味。句中的谓语动词用would/could/ should be等形式或should/would/could/might have been等形式。

It couldn’t be better. 那太好了。

That would be very nice. 太好了。

I couldn’t agree with you more. 我非常同意你的意见。

I wouldn’t have dreamed of it. 我做梦也没有想到啊!

How careless I was! I could have done better in the exam. 我太粗心了，我本来可以考得很好的。

Tom hasn’t arrived yet. I should have written down the address for him. 我本应该把地址写下来的。

―How was you interview?

―It couldn’t have been better. Luckily, I found all the answers to questions。

―Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?

4. xxxsist表示“坚持说”，suggest表示“暗示，表明”，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。

The smile on the boy’s face suggested that he was happy to die for his country。

The man insisted that he had not stolen anything and (should) be set free immediately。

5. 如果as if/though从句描述的是真实的情况，谓语动词则用陈述语气，而不用虚拟语气。

It looks as if it is going to rain。

It sounds as though she has been really ill。

6. 在“had better/would rather, would like/love to, was/were to+ have done sth ”表示过去希望做某事，但事实上未做。例如：

― Do you mind if I open the window?

―I’d rather you didn’t. I feel a bit cold。

7. had thought/hoped/meant/intended/expected/wanted/planned that + 从句 表示主语过去未曾实现的愿望。

We were to have arrived at 9:00 this morning, but I missed the first bus.

I had hoped that I would be of some help to you, but you didn’t ask me。

―Lucy is crying in the corner now. Did you scold her for her carelessness in her homework?

―Yes, but I’d rather not have done it. 我要是不批评她就好了。

五. 精典名题导解

1. (山东)Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without you。

A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed

考点解析：句中的介词短语without you表示一个假设的条件，而时间状语last week表明句子陈述的内容与过去的事实相反，因此最佳答案为B。

2. (2008江西)What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ____ better。

A. need have done B. must have done

C. can have done D. might have done

考点解析：“What a pity!”暗示他的表现令人遗憾。鉴于他的能力和经验，他本来可能发挥得更好，因此用might have done，最佳答案为D。

3. (郑州市第二次质量检测) ―I wish I ________ the meeting。

―But you didn’t。

考点解析：答语But you didn’t暗示对方没有参加会议。因此说话人说“我真希望我参加了那个会议。”在wish后带的宾语从句中 ，如果表示与过去事实相反的愿望应用过去完成时，因此最佳答案为D。

4. (河南省普通高中20毕业班教学质量调研考试) ―Why didn’t you come to Mike's birthday party yesterday?

―Well, I________, but I forgot it。

have have

考点解析：答语意为“我本来应该去的，但是我忘记了”。should have done 表示“本来应该做某事，而未做”。作为简略，done 被省略，只保留should have，最佳答案为A。

5. (年河北保定市高三调研试题)I ____ to go for a walk, but someone called and I couldn’t get way。

A. was planning B. had planned C. planned D. would plan

考点解析：句意为：我原计划去散步，但是有人来访，我无法走开。had planned to do sth表示过去未能实现的打算。最佳答案为B。

6. (2009年河北保定市高三调研试题)I would like _______ you to my birthday party, but I was busy and forgot to call you。

A. to invite B. inviting C. to have invited D. having invited

考点解析：句意为：我本来想让你参加我的生日宴会，可是因为忙，我忘记了“。would like to have done sth。表示“本来想做某事(而未做)”。最佳答案为C。

7. (江西省重点中学2009届高三第一次联考)―Did you visit the famous cultural relics last month?

―No, we _____ visited it, but we spent too much time shopping。

A. could have B. must have C. can have D. ought to have

考点解析：句意为： “我们本来有时间参观(文化古迹)的，可是我们在购物上花费了太多的时间”。 could have done表示“过去本来可以做某事(而未做) ”。最佳答案为A.

英语虚拟语气用法总结 第5篇

英文语法杂谈(2)：虚拟语气

虚拟语气的相关语法(Subjunctive Mood)

除了wish之外，下列各动词(如 suggest)的.后面的虚拟语气宾语从句，谓语用：

“should + 动词原形”表示建议(suggest)、坚持(insist)等虚拟语气：

* suggest (建议)，recommend (推荐)，advise (劝告)，propose (建议)

* insist (坚持)，consent (允诺)

* decide (决定)，order (命令)

* request (要求)，demand (要求)，desire (期望)，ask (要求)

* maintain (主张)，urge (催促)

1. I suggest that we (should 可省略,下同) start the meeting at once.

(suggest, should + start) (表示建议立即开会)

2. The doctor suggested that he (should ) try to lose his weight.

(suggested, should + try) (表示建议你应该减肥喔)

3. He insisted that all of us (should) be there on time by any mains.

(insisted, should + be) (表示坚持，无论如何都要准时到那儿。你再讲也没用哩！)

4. He insisted that we (should) tell him the news.

(insisted, should + tell) (表示非要你告诉他不可)

5. He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week bthemselves.

(ordered, should + wash) (表示命令学生们每周自己洗衣服)

六、虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法：

下列名词后的表语从句或同位语从句，也用“should + 动词原形“”表示虚拟语气：

* demand (要求)，desire (请求)，requirment (要求)

* advice (劝告)，recommendation (建议)，suggestion (建议)

* order (命令)

* necessity (必要地)，preference (优先)

* proposal (计划)，plan (计划)，idea (办法)

1. The advice is that we (should 可省略，下同) leave at once.

(名词advice，should + leave) (表示加以劝告)

2. My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.

(idea，should + get) (表示做出主意)

3. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

(proposal，should + hold) (表示做出计划)

七、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法

句型：It is (或was) + 形容词(或过去分词) + that …… +should + 动词原形……

句子：It is natural that she should do so. (形容词natural，should+动词原形do)

常用的形容词：

* natural (自然的)，appropriate (适当的)，advisable (合适的)，preferable (更

可取的)，better (更好的)

* nece

英语虚拟语气用法总结 第6篇

英文语法杂谈(1)：虚拟语气

虚拟语气的相关语法(Subjunctive Mood)

如果你看到下列的句子，你会认为它们是正确的还是错的`呢？

1. I wish I were a bird.

2. We request that you be here tomorrow.

也许你会说：“哈哈，第一句的I were 错了，应该是I was；而第二句中的you be是什么东东呀？不是you are, 也不是you will be, 什么you be？！”

其实上面的句子都是一种称为 Subjunctive 类型的句子。Subjunctive Mood 有的书译为“假设语气”，虽不很贴切；但在相当大的程度上，告诉我们这种句子的特点，Subjunctive Mood中文译作“虚拟语气”，似乎不及“假设语气”那么容易明白。它是一种动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。

基本上，虚拟语气可分为虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present)和虚拟过去(Subjunctive Past)两种；但它们和时态(Tenses)上所指的现在时态(Present Tense)和过去时态(Past Tense)是有所不同的。

一、虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present)

虚拟现在的句子，在任何时候都要用动词的原形(root form)，就算是第三人称(he, she, it)也是如此。如：

现在时态(Simple Present)

I work ---- I work

you work ---- you work

he works ---- he work (注意到了吗，是work，不是works)

she works ---- she work (不是she works 喔）

it works ---- it work (同样不是it works 喔)

we work ---- we work

they work ---- they work

现在进行时态(Present Continuous)

I am working ---- I be working (注意用的是be，怪怪的!)

you are working ---- you be working

he is working ---- he be working

she is working ---- she be working

it is working ---- it be working

we are working ---- we be working

they are woring ---- they be working

现在完成时态(Present Perfect)

I have worked ---- I have worked

you have worked ---- you have worked

he has worked ----- he have worked (用的还是have喔)

she has worked ---- she have worked

it has worked ---- it have worked

we have worked ---- we have worked

they have worked ---- they have worked

现在完成进行时态(Present Perfect Continuous)

I have been working ---- I have been working

you have been working ---- you have been working

he has been working ---- he have been working (是he have, 不是he has )

she has been workin

英语虚拟语气用法总结 第7篇

doctor suggested that he ______ a short leave of absence.

take take

job would require that ______ at 7 o'clock every morning.

will be at the factory be at the factory

was at the factory has been at the factory

advice that she ______ till next week is reasonable.

wait going to wait

housemaster was requested that we ______ television on week nights.

watch not to watch

be watching not watched

is necessary that a worker ______ his work on time.

accomplish

accomplished

is important that he ______ his decision before Friday.

make make

look so tired. It's time you ______ 。

to sleep to sleep

to bed to bed

'd rather you ______ anything about it for the time being.

't do 't 't

for water，it ______ impossible to live in the desert.

't be

10、 ______ it______ for your help，I couldn't have made any progress.

;not been ;not been

;not been ;be

______ the Party!

live live

insisted that Tom ______ her the ring back.

given

suggestion was that the meeting ______ off till next week.

put put

put putting

suggested that I ______ my homework first before watching TV.

do done

insisted that nothing ______ till he arrived.

be started to be started

be started be started

suggests that Ann ______ the house.

sell

's better that he ______ it from you.

A.'ll hear hear

was necessary that he ______ about what had happened.

told told tell

's astonishing that she ______ sad at news that it has nothing to do with her.

feel C.'ll feel feel

was strange that we ______ short of water in the country where it was always raining.

be B and C

is strange that she ______ marry such an ugly man.

's not right that the meeting ______ off till tomorrow.

be put put be put put

was impossible that he ______ the train, for he had started out very early.

have missed have missed

have missed miss

's a pity that he ______ such a good chance.

miss have missed missed the above

tried to find some excuse for the debt, but I insisted that he ______ it off at once.

pay to pay

Ford insisted that he ______ right, though the others didn't think so.

do have done done

pale face suggested that he ______ the sad news.

be told have been told

told been told

suggested that we ______ here at once.

leave leave to leave

order is that everyone ______ their own work in time.

complete

've made the decision that we ______ at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.

gather about to gather

gather gather

'll be waiting for you at home.

---- ______ I were busy and couldn't come?

if when C. How if when

he was praised for what he had done, he said，“I ______ even better under harder conditions. ”

do have done done

has been raining for a day, but even though it ______ ， we ______ there by tomorrow.

't rained, couldn't get 't rained, can't get

't rain, couldn't get 't rain, can't get

could not have succeeded ______ your help.

for

it had not been for the above

dare say he is not your true friend, because a true friend ______ differently when you were in trouble.

acted act have acted

参考答案：

15、 D insist作“要求别人做某事”解，其宾语从句用should型虚拟语气。

16、 C 这种should型虚拟语气，有时可将should省略，因此，C项的sell不能有人称变化。

本句话有“要求”的意思，故选C。

18、 A C、D为主动，在此不妥。

19、 B 选B表示了说话人带有一种十分惊讶的感情，选A项与she的人称不相一致，是错的。参见本章语法说明。

20、 D

should带有感情色彩。

本句带有要求之意，故从句谓语用should型虚拟语气。D项中的should被省略。

本句带有惊讶之意，故从句须用should型虚拟语气。但由于是过去的事情所产生的惊讶，所以用should+不定式完成式。

如选A，这表达了说话人对将来的事所发出的感叹，选B则是对已经过去的事情的感叹。选C则是一个直陈语气，即说话人对此并不一定感到十分惋惜，而是对此事的陈述。

insist在作“坚持要求别人做某事”时，需要用should型虚拟语气，should也可以省略。

insist在作“坚持自己的观点、看法等”解时，不需要用虚拟语气，所以A、B两项用在此处不当。D项时态不准确，故也应排除。

suggest作建议解时，后接了should型虚拟语气，但在本句中作“表明”解，这时不用虚拟语气，A、B两项都应排除，C项时态不当。

在本句中suggest作“建议”解，故选A。

“建议”、“命令”、“要求”等动词的名词形式做主语时，其表语从句也须用should型虚拟语气，本句中的should被省略。

“建议”、“命令”、“要求”等动词的名词形式做主语时，后接同位语从句时也须should型虚拟语气。

What if…？常用于省略疑问句，既可以用于虚拟语气，也可用于直陈语气。本句不省略的形式为What would you do if。

本句的under引出一个非真实的条件，当然也可以是真实条件。根据上下文，应理解为与过去事实相反，故其谓语动词用would have done。

even though=even if意为“即使”。它同if一样可以引出一个真实的让步从句，也可以引出一个非真实的让步从句。根据上文，even though是一个非真实的与过去事实相反的让步从句。而主句we can't get there却是一个真实的情况。

从全句的意思分析，a true friend-differently实际上是指一种假设，而when引导的从句又告诉我们，这是一个与过去事实相反的假设，故用would have acted。